Serologic cross-reactivity with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in pigs, Europe

DOI: 10.3201/eid1601.091190
Suggested citation for this article: Kyriakis CS, Olsen CW, Carman S, Brown IH, Brookes SM, Van Doorsselaere J, et al. Serologic cross-reactivity with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in pigs, Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Jan; [Epub ahead of print]
Serologic Cross-Reactivity with Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Pigs, Europe
Constantinos S. Kyriakis, Christopher W. Olsen, Susy Carman, Ian H. Brown, Sharon M. Brookes, Jan Van Doorsselaere, and Kristien Van Reeth

Author affiliations: Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (C.S. Kyriakis, K. Van Reeth); University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (C.W. Olsen); University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (S. Carman); Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, UK (I.H. Brown, S.M. Brookes); and KATHO Catholic University of South-West Flanders, Roeselare, Belgium (J. Van Doorsselaere)

We tested serum samples from pigs infected or vaccinated with European swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in hemagglutination-inhibition assays against pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and related North American SIVs. We found more serologic cross-reaction than expected. Data suggest pigs in Europe may have partial immunity to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus.

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus is a reassortant of >2 circulating swine influenza viruses (SIVs) (1). Six gene segments, including the gene encoding a classical H1 hemagglutinin (HA), are similar to ones found in triple reassortant SIVs circulating in pigs in North America. The neuraminidase (NA) and matrix genes originate from Eurasian avian-like H1N1 SIV. This specific reassortant had never been found in swine when it was first detected in humans. However, during May–October 2009, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was isolated from swine in Canada, Argentina, Australia, Singapore, (Northern) Ireland, Norway, the United States, Japan, and Iceland (2). Humans were suspected to be the source of infection; pigs did not contribute to spread of the virus in humans.

Recent studies confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus can become established in swine populations (3,4). A key question is whether immunity to circulating SIVs, which differ antigenically and genetically in different parts of the world, protects pigs against...

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