sábado, 3 de abril de 2010

Evolution of Porcine Kobuvirus Infection, Hungary


EID Journal Home > Volume 16, Number 4–April 2010

Volume 16, Number 4–April 2010
Dispatch
Evolution of Porcine Kobuvirus Infection, Hungary
Gábor Reuter, Sándor Kecskeméti, and Péter Pankovics
Author affiliations: ÁNTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary (G. Reuter, P. Pankovics); and Central Agricultural Office, Debrecen, Hungary (S. Kecskeméti)


Suggested citation for this article

Abstract
Porcine kobuvirus was first identified in early 2007 in Hungary. Originally thought to be confined to the intestine, almost 2 years later the virus was found in the blood of clinically healthy pigs on the same farm. Porcine kobuvirus may be widely distributed on pig farms worldwide.

Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA; they are divided into 12 genera: Aphthovirus, Avihepatovirus, Cardiovirus, Enterovirus, Erbovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Teschovirus, Tremovirus, and Kobuvirus (1). The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus and Bovine kobuvirus, and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (2–4). Aichi virus (strain A846/88) was first isolated in 1989 in Japan, from a fecal sample from a person with acute gastroenteritis (2). Aichi viruses have also been detected in human fecal samples in other countries in Asia (5); Europe (6,7), including Hungary; South America (6); and North Africa (8). Bovine kobuvirus (strain U-1) has been detected in culture medium derived from cattle serum suspected to be contaminated with cattle feces (3) and in fecal samples from cattle in 2003 in Japan (3) and in 2008 in Thailand (9) and Hungary (10).

Porcine kobuvirus was first identified and the complete genome (S-1-HUN; EU787450) characterized from fecal samples from domestic pigs in Hungary (4,11). Porcine kobuvirus has also been recently (2009) reported from the People's Republic of China (12). Kobuvirus genomes are ≈8.2–8.4 kb. Genome organization includes leader (L) protein following structural (VP0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A-2C and 3A-3D) regions (1,3,4,11). Genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi, U-1, and S-1-HUN viruses varies from 35% (L protein) to 74% (3D region) (3,11).

Kobuvirus infection has been thought to be confined to the intestine. To our knowledge, detection of kobuvirus in the infected host species serum (viremia) has not been reported. We report the endemic circulation and in vivo evolution of porcine kobuvirus on a pig farm where the virus was originally discovered and virus escape from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in viremia in domestic pigs.

Suggested Citation for this Article
Reuter G, Kecskeméti S, Pankovics P. Evolution of porcine kobuvirus infection, Hungary. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2010 Apr [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/16/4/696.htm

DOI: 10.3201/eid1604.090937

open here to see the full-text:
http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/4/696.htm

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