Family Structure and Childhood Obesity, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study — Kindergarten Cohort - Preventing Chronic Disease: May 2010: 09_0156

ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Family Structure and Childhood Obesity, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study — Kindergarten Cohort

TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Acknowledgments
• Author Information
• References
• Tables

Alex Y. Chen, MD, MS; José J. Escarce, MD, PhD
Suggested citation for this article: Chen AY, Escarce JJ. Family structure and childhood obesity, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study — Kindergarten Cohort. Prev Chronic Dis 2010;7(3). http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/may/09_0156.htm. Accessed [date].

Abstract
Introduction
Little is known about the effect of family structure on childhood obesity among US children. This study examines the effect of number of parents and number of siblings on children’s body mass index and risk of obesity.

Methods
We conducted a secondary data analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study — Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), which consists of a nationally representative cohort of children who entered kindergarten during 1998-1999. Our analyses included 2 cross-sectional outcomes and 1 longitudinal outcome: body mass index (BMI) calculated from measured height and weight, obesity defined as BMI in the 95th percentile or higher for age and sex, and change in BMI from kindergarten through fifth grade.

Results
Other things being equal, children living with single mothers were more likely to be obese by fifth grade than were children living with 2 parents (26% vs 22%, P = .05). Children with siblings had lower BMI and were less likely to be obese than children without siblings. We also found that living with a single mother or no siblings was associated with larger increases in BMI from kindergarten through fifth grade.

Conclusion
Children from single-mother families and, especially, children with no siblings are at higher risk for obesity than children living with 2 parents and children with siblings. These findings highlight the influential role that families play in childhood obesity. Additionally, they suggest that health care providers should consider the structure of children’s families in discussions with families regarding childhood obesity.

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Preventing Chronic Disease: May 2010: 09_0156