Genomics in the Scientific Literature [22] - Mental Health

Genomics in the Scientific Literature
Topics in the Scientific Literature

Mental Health
1. Genetics of drug dependence
Gelernter J & Kranzler HR
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2010;12(1):77-84

Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010;12(1):77-84.

Genetics of drug dependence.
Gelernter J, Kranzler HR.

Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA joel.gelernter@yale.edu

Abstract
Drug-dependence disorders (we focus here on cocaine, opioid, and nicotine dependence) are genetically influenced. Risk genes have been located based primarily on genetic linkage studies, and identified primarily based on genetic association studies. In this article we review salient results from linkage, association, and genome-wide association study methodologies, and discuss future prospects for risk allele identification based on these, and on newer, methodologies. Although considerable progress has been made, it is likely that the application of more extensive sequencing than has previously been practical will be required to identify a fuller range of risk variants.

PMID: 20373669 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20373669?dopt=Abstract



2. Genome-wide association study of bipolar I disorder in the Han Chinese population
Lee MT, et al.
Mol Psychiatry 2010 Apr
Mol Psychiatry. 2010 Apr 13. [Epub ahead of print]

Genome-wide association study of bipolar I disorder in the Han Chinese population.
Lee MT, Chen CH, Lee CS, Chen CC, Chong MY, Ouyang WC, Chiu NY, Chuo LJ, Chen CY, Tan HK, Lane HY, Chang TJ, Lin CH, Jou SH, Hou YM, Feng J, Lai TJ, Tung CL, Chen TJ, Chang CJ, Lung FW, Chen CK, Shiah IS, Liu CY, Teng PR, Chen KH, Shen LJ, Cheng CS, Chang TP, Li CF, Chou CH, Chen CY, Wang KH, Fann CS, Wu JY, Chen YT, Cheng AT.

[1] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Abstract
We report the first genome-wide association study in 1000 bipolar I patients and 1000 controls, with a replication of the top hits in another 409 cases and 1000 controls in the Han Chinese population. Four regions with most strongly associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, of which three were not found in previous GWA studies in the Caucasian populations. Among them, SNPs close to specificity protein 8 (SP8) and ST8 alpha-N-acetyl- neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (ST8SIA2) are associated with Bipolar I, with P-values of 4.87 x 10(-7) (rs2709736) and 6.05 x 10(-6) (rs8040009), respectively. We have also identified SNPs in potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12 gene (KCTD12) (rs2073831, P=9.74 x 10(-6)) and in CACNB2 (Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta-2 subunit) gene (rs11013860, P=5.15 x 10(-5)), One SNP nearby the rs1938526 SNP of ANK3 gene and another SNP nearby the SNP rs11720452 in chromosome 3 reported in previous GWA studies also showed suggestive association in this study (P=6.55 x 10(-5) and P=1.48 x 10(-5), respectively). This may suggest that there are common and population-specific susceptibility genes for bipolar I disorder.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 13 April 2010; doi:10.1038/mp.2010.43.

PMID: 20386566 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20386566?dopt=Abstract


3. New findings in the genetics of major psychoses
Nothen MM, et al.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2010;12(1):85-93

Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010;12(1):85-93.

New findings in the genetics of major psychoses.
Nöthen MM, Nieratschker V, Cichon S, Rietschel M.

Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Centre, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. markus.noethen@uni-bonn.de

Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have a largely unknown pathophysiology and etiology, but they are highly heritable. Although linkage and association studies have identified a series of chromosomal regions likely to contain susceptibility genes, progress in identifying causative genes has been largely disappointing. However, rapid technological advances are beginning to lead to new insights. Systematic genome-wide association and follow-up studies have reported genome-wide significant association findings of common variants for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The risk conferred by individual variants is small, and some variants confer a risk for both disorders. In addition, recent studies have identified rare, large structural variants (copy number variants) that confer a greater risk for schizophrenia. This review summarizes recent developments in genetic research into schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and discusses possible future directions in this field.

PMID: 20373670 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20373670?dopt=Abstract


4. Whole genome association studies in complex diseases: where do we stand?
Need AC & Goldstein DB
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2010;12(1):37-46

Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010;12(1):37-46.

Whole genome association studies in complex diseases: where do we stand?
Need AC, Goldstein DB.

Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.

Abstract
Hundreds of genome-wide association studies have been performed in recent years in order to try to identify common variants that associate with complex disease. These have met with varying success. Some of the strongest effects of common variants have been found in late-onset diseases and in drug response. The major histocompatibility complex has also shown very strong association with a variety of disorders. Although there have been some notable success stories in neuropsychiatric genetics, on the whole, common variation has explained little of the high heritability of these traits. In contrast, early studies of rare copy number variants have led rapidly to a number of genes and loci that strongly associate with neuropsychiatric disorders. It is likely that the use of whole-genome sequencing to extend the study of rare variation in neuropsychiatry will greatly advance our understanding of neuropsychiatric genetics.

PMID: 20373665 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20373665?dopt=Abstract